Global Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market 2025 – 2034

Reports Description

As per the Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market analysis conducted by the CMI Team, the global Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market is expected to record a CAGR of 15.2% from 2025 to 2034. In 2025, the market size is projected to reach a valuation of USD 0.55 Billion. By 2034, the valuation is anticipated to reach USD 1.98 Billion.

Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market Overview

Neoantigen cancer vaccines are a newer type of cancer immunotherapy intended to stimulate the patient’s immune system to selectively target tumor cells. These are unique and personalized to each patient by identifying unirradiated mutations dubbed neoantigens existing only on that patient’s cancer. The vaccine identifies neoantigens by stimulating the immune system to recognize those mutations specifically enough to take a targeted immune response on the tumor while not affecting normal tissue. Personalized therapy has significant advantages over standard therapy including increased efficacy and lower side effects.

Neoantigen cancer vaccines are active cellular vaccines whose development is predicated on genomic sequencing and bioinformatics tools to identify mutations specific to the tumor, followed by advanced vaccine design methods including mRNA platforms or peptide synthesis. Ultimately, novel neoantigen cancer vaccines are being developed for several cancers, but progress with melanoma, lung, and colorectal cancers and often paired with another form of immunotherapy approach, such as checkpoint inhibitors.

The unique and personalized patient nature and inclusive data from clinical trials position neoantigen vaccines to be a game-changing milestone in the field of oncology and potentially revolutionize cancer treatment with highly targeted and durable therapeutic immune responses.

Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market Key Growth Drivers

The Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market Trends has tremendous growth opportunities due to several reasons:

• Increasing incidence of cancer: The increasing incidence of cancer worldwide is a driving force behind the growth of the neoantigen cancer vaccine market. The increasing incidence of cancer creates a large demand for innovative, personalized therapies. Neoantigen vaccines designed to target mutations unique to an individual’s tumor provide a breaking point in addressing multiple cancers effectively. The recent, notable positive Phase 2 results by BioNTech for its mRNA immunotherapy candidate BNT111 in patients with advanced melanoma in 2024 illustrate a greater focus on personalized cancer therapies. Furthermore, with the increasing incidence of cancer diagnoses shown by the U.S. National Cancer Institute provides a pertinent need for advanced therapies like neoantigen vaccines.

• Advances in delivery systems: Advances in delivery systems for vaccines, such as lipid nanoparticles, and viral vectors have provided stability, targeting, and greater efficacy regarding neoantigen vaccines, in addition to improving clinical response and efficacy in personalized cancer therapies. Again, the international Phase 3 “Artemia” trial which was launched by OSE Immunotherapeutics in 2024, is noteworthy. This Phase 3 trial is for Tedopi, an “off-the-shelf” neo-epitope-based cancer vaccine for HLA-A2-positive patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and lethargy who developed secondary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This pivotal trial aims to gain regulatory approval for Tedopi. This is a meaningful advancement in the neoantigen vaccine delivery system and cancer treatment.

• Increased cancer incidence: The incidence of cancer worldwide is one of the major factors propelling growth of the neoantigen cancer vaccine market. As pointed out by the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide with approximately 20 million new cases and 10 million deaths every year. The increasing rates of cancer demand new, more effective and targeted treatments other than the traditional treatments of chemotherapy and radiation. Neoantigen cancer vaccines are unique and extremely specific personalized therapies that stimulate the immune system to identify and attack cancer cells ‘with laser precision’, without employing belated-acting toxic treatments like chemotherapy and radiation on healthy tissue. The increasing rates of difficult to treat cancers such as melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and particularly glioblastoma hold potential for these types of precision-based immunotherapy.

• Advancements in Immunotherapy: Recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy have significantly contributed to the emergence and expansion of the neoantigen cancer vaccine market. Immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology by offering treatments that harness the body’s immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells. Among these, neoantigen vaccines represent a cutting-edge class of therapies that are personalized based on tumor-specific mutations, making them uniquely suited for individualized treatment strategies. Innovations such as checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cells, and adoptive T-cell therapies have validated the immune system’s potential in combating cancer, laying the groundwork for further development of neoantigen approaches. Additionally, the integration of advanced computational biology and next-generation sequencing technologies enables rapid identification and synthesis of neoantigens, accelerating vaccine production timelines and improving therapeutic outcomes. These technological advancements are critical in transforming experimental treatments into viable commercial products.

Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market Key Threats

The Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market has several primary threats that will influence its profitability and future development. Some of the threats are:

• Technological Challenges: The development of neoantigen cancer vaccines is hindered due to a number of technical issues because the work involved with genomic sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and manufacturing of neoantigen vaccines is all complicated and difficult. These technical factors can impact the identification of potential neoantigens, what it will mean to have an appropriate vaccine, and what it will mean to have a manufacturing process that is scalable. For instance, in 2024 OSE Immunotherapeutics announced they were struggling to produce their personalized vaccine on a large scale and that the complexity of neoantigen identification and neoantigen synthesis resulted in a delay in clinical studies. The FDA also communicated to the developing companies that they would apply more standardization to the procedures related to neoantigen identification (and so at least there may be consistent, standardized approaches to neoantigen vaccine development in the future).

• Competition from Alternative Therapies: Neoantigen cancer vaccines will also face considerable competition from alternative approaches, including checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapies, and traditional chemotherapies. The presence and clinical evidence of these alternative therapies impacted the uptake and capture of the market of neoantigen vaccines. In 2023, Roche obtained approval for a new checkpoint inhibitor with compelling evidence across multiple types of cancer, meaning that patients and providers have a well-defined treatment that will compete directly against neoantigen vaccines. Similarly, the recent FDA approvals of several CAR-T therapies has also inundated the market for cancer vaccines.

Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market Opportunities

• Development of Off-the-Shelf Vaccines: The focus of off-the-shelf neoantigen vaccines is to create mainstream treatments with a standardized treatment that can be delivered to multiple patients with similar tumor mutations, thus lowering the time and cost barriers associated with developing and manufacturing individualized vaccines that could provide access to more patients quickly. In 2023, BioNTech announced it was starting to explore off-the-shelf neoantigen vaccines for common pathogenic mutations in cancer, and early work in patients with similar tumors showed the potential for significant immune responses. The FDA has also taken actions as part of the submissions process to increase the regulatory pathway by allowing submissions to be made without having to respond to the surrounding risk factors and provide input and guidance on the regulatory rules for the off-the-shelf neoantigen vaccine approval pathway.

• Growth in Emerging Markets: Emerging markets in Asia and Latin America represent opportunity for neoantigen cancer vaccines on a larger scale based on increasing trends of cancer and healthcare demand in acute and chronic settings. As of 2024, Roch announced it was looking forward to starting to expand clinical work for neoantigen vaccines into emerging markets such as India and Brazil to assess the safe and effective use of this personalized therapy in a variety of patient populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) has also highlighted many emerging markets as priority areas for research and treatment of cancer therapy and specific action, funding and investment will help provide access to cancer care and treatments using collaborations and concrete programs and projects in emerging markets.

Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market Category Wise Insights

By Product

• Personalized Neoantigen Vaccine: Personalized neoantigen vaccines are customized cancer treatments developed to target specific mutations in a patient’s tumor, training the immune system to specifically attack cancerous cells. This targeted approach can improve the efficacy and safety of the treatment and relies heavily on bioinformatics, sequencing platforms, and novel data sets. In 2024, OSE Immunotherapeutic moved important clinical trials forward for these vaccines in metastatic lung cancer, with an ongoing backlog of manufacturing their customization. In addition to OSE Immunotherapeutic, the U.S. National Cancer Institute continues to find ways to support this research through its Cancer Moonshot initiative. The FDA issued draft guidance in 2023 aimed at formalizing all of the necessary information into clearly identifiable and manageable identified neoantigens, which would help reduce the regulatory burden and minimize the time to approval. These developments reflect the strong interest from the government down to the rapidly growing clinical efforts at the global scale of both markets in the U.S. and Europe.

• Off-the-Shelf Neoantigen Vaccine: Off-the-shelf neoantigen vaccines” are drugs that are “off the shelf”—or” standardized for cancer treatments that target common mutations that will work for multiple patients, already building off existing mutations or captured responses, therefore they are considered off-the-shelf treatment methods as opposed to developing personalized vaccine methods. Like personalized vaccines, off-the-shelf vaccines would take less time and be less expensive to develop, and hopes to achieve the ability to increase patient access and uptake to immunotherapy treatments in parts of the community that do not have resources to personalize treatment. In 2023, BioNTech started looking into standard off-the-shelf vaccines and initiated research with early clinical outcomes with strong immune responses. The FDA has advanced their progress of development by giving them clear regulatory guidance to shorten the timeline for approval, while in 2024 the European Medicines Agency included off-the-shelf cancer vaccines in their priority review program, demonstrating key emerging efforts to create a vaccine that is scalable and accessible.

By Neoantigen Type

• Neopeptide Vaccines: Neopeptide vaccines follow the principles with respect to T-cell activation and immune responses. Neopeptide vaccines have many advantages over other vaccine types including consistency in manufacture, stability, and ease of modification. In 2023, the U.S. Department of Defense Cancer Research Program funded multiple studies examining the combination of neopeptide vaccines with checkpoint inhibitors to boost the anticancer immune responses and also published a synthetic peptide vaccine candidate approved by the FDA for an upcoming Phase 3 trial in 2024. Although a minor study, the National Cancer Institute is increasing support for synthetic peptide vaccine research as an increase in government funding is encouraging and is indicative of growing interest and sustained clinical momentum for neopeptide vaccines.

• Nucleic Acid Based Neoantigen Vaccines: Nucleic acid-based neoantigen vaccines (including mRNA and DNA platforms) represent a very powerful way to deliver genetic instructions to the body to produce tumor-specific antigens and activate immune responses against them. The emergence of mRNA vaccines has gained a lot of interest and recognition because of their ability to mobilize for production quickly and adaptively, as highlighted with the rapid onboarding of companies during the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly encouraging their continued development. BioNTech has more recently put out a positive Phase 2 study for their mRNA vaccine BNT111 in advanced melanoma (although some strides have been stalled by other developments), and that was reported in 2024. The NIH has also increased funding for mRNA cancer vaccine studies in 2023, indicating a clear move toward the oncology space. The FDA also announced an expedited and prioritized regulatory path in 2024 for mRNA vaccines. These situations signal a sign of growing confidence and momentum for nucleic acid vaccine technology and remain novel ways to advance neoantigen cancer therapies.

• Dendritic Cell-Based Neoantigen Vaccines: Dendritic cell-based neoantigen vaccines utilize a patient’s own dendritic cells, loaded ex vivo with tumor-specific neoantigens, to activate a strong and targeted T-cell immune response upon reinfusion. These vaccines are highly personalized, leveraging the natural antigen-presenting capabilities of dendritic cells to fight cancer. In 2023, the FDA granted Fast Track designation to a dendritic cell vaccine targeting glioblastoma, underscoring its promise in aggressive cancer treatment. In 2024, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs funded expanded trials for lung and prostate cancers among veterans. By 2025, the NIH will partner with academic centers for multi-site clinical trials to refine vaccine production and delivery. These initiatives reflect growing institutional support for this platform. Dendritic cell vaccines continue to gain momentum as a personalized and potent approach in cancer immunotherapy.

• Tumor Cell-Based Neoantigen Vaccines: Tumor cell-based neoantigen vaccines use whole tumor cells or lysates to present a broad spectrum of neoantigens, aiming to trigger a robust and diverse immune response. While they offer comprehensive antigen presentation, challenges remain in achieving consistent manufacturing and scalability. In 2022, the FDA approved an autologous tumor cell vaccine for pancreatic cancer, signaling advancement in this approach. The National Cancer Institute funded a consortium in 2023 to improve vaccine production and immune activation methods. In 2024, a public-private partnership with HHS was launched to accelerate clinical trials for solid tumors. These developments highlight ongoing efforts to overcome limitations in tumor cell vaccine platforms. Interest remains strong due to their potential for broad immune engagement.

By Route of Administration

• Intravenous (IV) Administration: Neoantigen vaccines administered intravenously (IV) provide the advantage of direct delivery into the bloodstream, facilitating rapid distribution throughout the body and enhanced ability to activate the immune system. IV administration is particularly useful for complex formulations such as dendritic cell (DC) vaccines and certain nucleic acid therapies that require a substantial number of cells or particles to be introduced to the bloodstream. In 2023, the US FDA approved IV administrative protocols for clinically bringing neoantigen vaccines to market for clinical trials to treat advanced/metastatic Melanoma and lung cancer, which validated and regulated the use of IV administration. In 2024, the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) established guidelines to improve the safety and efficacy of the scheduling of IV administration. In 2025 at the annual ASCO meeting, multiple biotech companies presented their findings that patients receiving their neoantigen vaccines in IV formulation were generating a better immune response. These developments demonstrate confidence in the use and delivery of IV delivery of neoantigen vaccines as a way of enhancing personalized cancer immunotherapy.

• Healthcare/Hospitals: Intramuscular (IM) administration is widely used for neoantigen vaccines due to its simplicity and effective immune cell recruitment at muscle sites. It is particularly common for peptide-based and nucleic acid vaccines. Building on the success of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, the FDA updated its 2023 guidance to favor IM delivery for mRNA-based neoantigen vaccines, enhancing immunogenicity. BioNTech’s BNT111 trials for melanoma, reported in 2024, utilize IM administration. In 2025, the CDC backed broader IM vaccination programs for cancer immunotherapy, supporting use in outpatient settings. These developments emphasize the practicality and effectiveness of IM delivery. IM routes remain central to cancer vaccine strategies.

• Intramuscular (IM) Administration: Private 5G networks are established in the transportation and logistics component of supply chains, where they are able to monitor real-time location, automate vehicle control and more accurately manage supply chains. For example, in November 2024, JD Logistics – JD.com’s supply chain and logistics arm – revealed that it has experienced near-zero packet loss and reduced the average risk of timeout for connections by an average of 70 percent since it migrated the use of AGV communications from unlicensed Wi-Fi to private 5G networks at its logistics parks based in Beijing and Changsha (Hunan), China.

• Transdermal Administration: Transdermal administration of neoantigen vaccines is quite simply the delivery of vaccines achieved via microneedles or patches through the skin, through dermal layers of skin that are abundant in immune cells. Transdermal administration of neoantigen vaccines is appealing to patients as being less invasive (as it is only a poke for the microneedle), it improves the likelihood that patients will follow the regimen, and provides the most flexibility by permitting the opportunity for self-administration. In 2024, the US FDA granted Investigational New Drug (IND) approval to a US biotech start up for a microneedle-based vaccine patch for early event melanoma. This was the first IND approval that was delivered using patches and microneedles. Studies supported by the U.S. NIH in 2023 demonstrated that transdermal delivery also produced an immune response that was equivalent to an injection, along with fewer adverse effects. In 2025, the Department of Defense nas an industry partner produced a portable transdermal application of vaccines for use in remote and military locations. These examples are a clear indication that interest is growing in the potential of skin-based delivery platforms.

Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market Impact of Latest Tariff Policies

The neoantigen cancer vaccine global market is impacted by recent tariff arrangements and how that affects the importing and exporting of raw materials and specialty equipment needed for vaccine development. Specific reagents, sequencing technologies, and delivery technologies are sourced from outside the USA, and foreign tariffs will raise the cost to produce products for companies such as BioNTech SE, Pfizer Inc., Gritstone bio inc., OSE Immunotherapeutic SA, and Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., potentially hindering innovation and forcing the final price of personalized cancer vaccines higher when they reach the market.

Tariffs can have suggestive cost effects, however, tariffs can also complicate the complex supply chains that are part of producing neoantigen vaccines. Timely access to materials that are essential and high-quality reagents is key, and everything must adhere to government regulatory standards. There are several points of risk during shipping, delivery, access, and compliance with regulatory standards, which means that tolls can surely slow a clinical trial and yes, delay the market as well.

Increased tariffs could affect the development of neoantigen vaccines for small and mid-sized biotech companies that may not have the ability to absorb these additional costs associated with a delay in a clinical trial or accessing raw materials needed. Larger pharmaceutical companies could absorb the associated costs better than smaller ones.

Companies and governments are exploring options to mitigate both tariffs and supply chain issues, including creating domestic production capacity, considering applying for tariff exemptions on biotech imports, and increasing public-private partnerships to assist in maintaining a viable neoantigen vaccine market.

Report Scope

Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market Regional Perspective

The Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market can be divided across different regions such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA. This is a cursory overview of each region:

• North America: In the US, substantial advances have been made in neoantigen cancer vaccine research. For example, a Phase I trial at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute showed results from a personalized neoantigen vaccine for advanced kidney cancer, with all nine patients being cancer-free after a median follow-up of 35 months with no serious adverse events. Mount Sinai researchers showed that a multi-peptide neoantigen cancer vaccine induced strong immune responses across multiple cancers in a Phase I trial. Moreover, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center shared an early-phase clinical trial, which demonstrated an investigational mRNA vaccine can induce sustained immune activity in pancreatic cancer patients.

• Europe: European organizations are also making incremental research advances in neoantigen vaccines. At the 2024 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting, researchers from Institut Curie in Paris presented findings of a therapeutic cancer vaccine developed for each individual tumor. The therapeutic cancer vaccine showed strong immune responses when applied in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patient cohort. Transgene and NEC Corporation presented follow-up data from their Phase I trial of their individualized cancer vaccine, TG4050, in a cohort of head and neck cancer patients and will be commencing a randomized Phase II extension of the trial. The UK-based National Health Service (NHS) started trials.

• Asia-Pacific: In the Asia-Pacific region, collaborative efforts have been made to advance neoantigen vaccine development. In March 2024, Boston Gene, NEC, and Transgene joined forces to advance their Phase I/II clinical trial for the neoantigen cancer vaccine TG4050, aiming to harness personalized medicine to combat cancer. Additionally, Everest Medicines announced financial results highlighting their efforts in developing a vaccine designed to encode dozens of tumor neoantigens using a lipid nanoparticle delivery system for efficient delivery of neoantigen-encoded mRNA.

• LAMEA: The Relative scarcity of reporting on advances being made in developing neoantigen cancer vaccines in LAMEA has also resulted in much less excitement about the field. Still, LAMEA is witnessing increasing interest in cancer immunotherapy. Many collaborations and clinical trials are expanding to include populations outside the continent and share genetic backgrounds to better understand the efficacy and safety of these personalized cancer therapies. These types of moves in LAMEA will be critical for the global usability of neoantigen vaccines, and there is a great deal of support for these undertakings via global partnerships, as well as, development in the health infrastructure related to very early stage research.

Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market Key Developments

In recent years, the Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market has experienced several crucial changes as the players in the market strive to grow their geographical footprint and improve their product line and profits by using synergies.

• In April 2024, BioNTech reported three-year follow-up data from a Phase 1 trial of its individualized mRNA cancer vaccine candidate, autogene cevumeran (BNT122, RO7198457), in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The vaccine induced strong, lasting T cell responses in 8 out of 16 patients, with these immune responders experiencing prolonged recurrence-free survival and, in most cases, remaining disease-free during the follow-up period. In contrast, most non-responders saw tumor recurrence. The results suggest that autogene cevumeran, developed with Genentech, may delay or prevent PDAC recurrence by activating cytotoxic T cells against tumor-specific neoantigens. A Phase 2 trial is now enrolling patients to further evaluate efficacy and safety, addressing the urgent need for new therapies in PDAC, which has high recurrence rates and poor long-term survival.

• In April 2024, Gritstone Bio’s personalized neoantigen vaccine, GRANITE, failed to show a molecular response benefit in a Phase II/III trial for MSS-CRC, with 30% response in the treatment group versus 41.7% in controls. Despite this, the company plans to advance to Phase III due to improved progression-free survival—12 months vs. 7 months in high-risk patients. Gritstone cited unexpected ctDNA drops from chemotherapy as a confounding factor. Following the results, its stock fell 32%, and it announced a $0.032 billion public offering. The company had earlier cut 40% of its workforce due to delays in other programs.

These important changes facilitated the companies’ ability to widen their portfolios, to bolster their competitiveness, and to exploit the possibilities for growth available in the Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market. This phenomenon is likely to persist since most companies are struggling to outperform their rivals in the market.

Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market Competitive Landscape

The Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market is highly competitive, with a large number of product providers globally. Some of the key players in the market include:

• OSE Immunotherapeutics SA
• Gritstone bio Inc.
• BioNTech SE
• Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
• Pfizer Inc.
• Merck & Co. Inc.
• Moderna Inc.
• Avidea Technologies Inc.
• Eli Lilly and Company
• Vaccibody AS
• Agenus Inc.
• Novogene Co. Ltd.
• ZIOPHARM Oncology Inc.
• ISA Pharmaceuticals B.V.
• BrightPath Biotherapeutics Co. Ltd.
• Vaximm AG
• Medigene AG
• Genocea Biosciences Inc.
• Advaxis Inc.
• Others

These firms apply a sequence of strategies to enter the market, including innovations, mergers and acquisitions, as well as collaboration.

Global leaders like BioNTech, Moderna, Gritstone Bio, and Genentech are driving the neoantigen cancer vaccine market with cutting-edge mRNA platforms and personalized immunotherapy pipelines. These companies are pioneering individualized treatments that target unique tumor mutations, enhancing precision in cancer care. Strategic partnerships, such as BioNTech with Genentech and Moderna with Merck, strengthen R&D and clinical trial execution.

Their success is built on strong IP, state-of-the-art labs, and scalable manufacturing. These leaders also benefit from expedited regulatory pathways for oncology innovations. Continued investment from governments and private sectors reinforces their dominance. Their global presence ensures wide accessibility to emerging technologies.

Platform technology providers like Illumina, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and NeoGenomics are essential enablers. They supply the sequencing, diagnostic, and bioinformatics tools needed for neoantigen discovery. AI-based prediction models, like those from Tempus and SOPHiA GENETICS, accelerate antigen identification and selection. These platforms integrate seamlessly with clinical systems, improving decision-making in oncology. Their services reduce vaccine development timelines and increase precision. With cloud-based analytics gaining traction, data interpretation has become more scalable. These providers are increasingly collaborating with pharma companies to boost adoption.

Emerging economies are also contributing, with firms like Biocon Biologics in India and Eurofarma in Brazil exploring regional trials. These companies are targeting common tumor mutations within their populations to make neoantigen therapies more accessible. WHO and GAVI support pilot programs in Africa for cancer vaccine research. Institutions in Nigeria and Kenya are testing low-cost delivery frameworks. Regional hospitals are partnering with global players for tech transfer and training. Localization efforts focus on affordability, faster access, and regulatory alignment. These developments are vital for reducing disparities in global cancer care.

The Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine Market is segmented as follows:

By Product

• Personalised neo-antigen vaccine
• Off-the-shelf neoantigen vaccine

By Neoantigen Type

• Synthetic Long Peptide
• Nucleic acid
• Dendritic cell
• Tumour cell

By Route of Administration

• Intravenous
• Intramuscular
• Transdermal

Regional Coverage:

North America

• U.S.
• Canada
• Mexico
• Rest of North America

Europe

• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Russia
• Italy
• Spain
• Netherlands
• Rest of Europe

Asia Pacific

• China
• Japan
• India
• New Zealand
• Australia
• South Korea
• Taiwan
• Rest of Asia Pacific

The Middle East & Africa

• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Egypt
• Kuwait
• South Africa
• Rest of the Middle East & Africa

Latin America

• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of Latin America